Its core functions are divided into two major directions: one is rectification and charging, which converts the alternating current (AC) from the power grid into stable direct current (DC) to safely and efficiently charge the energy storage battery pack. At the same time, it can adjust the charging voltage and current according to the battery characteristics, adapting to the charging and discharging curves of different types of lithium-ion, lead-acid, and other energy storage batteries; the other is inverter and discharge, which converts the DC stored in the battery into AC that meets the grid standards or load demands (mains frequency 50Hz/60Hz, voltage 220V/380V, etc.) during peak electricity usage, power grid outages, or off-grid operations, ensuring stable power output to electrical equipment, or achieving grid-connected consumption of excess electric energy.
The energy storage inverter features wide voltage adaptability, high-precision voltage and frequency stabilization, multiple protections, and is compatible with various operation modes such as off-grid, grid-connected, and hybrid microgrid. It can achieve intelligent charging and discharging scheduling based on changes in grid load and peak-valley differences in electricity prices. When working in conjunction with the energy storage system's BMS (Battery Management System) and EMS (Energy Management System), it achieves optimal energy allocation and efficient utilization. At the same time, the device integrates multiple protection mechanisms such as overvoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, islanding effect, and short circuit protection, ensuring the operational safety of the energy storage system, grid, and electrical equipment. It also possesses power factor adjustment and harmonic suppression capabilities, improving the power quality on the grid side and reducing power supply losses.
Based on application scenarios and functions, energy storage inverters can be categorized into string, centralized, low-voltage single-phase, and high-voltage three-phase types. These inverters cater to energy storage system needs of varying scales, including household, commercial, industrial, and large-scale power station energy storage. They are pivotal devices for achieving core energy storage values such as renewable energy integration, peak-valley arbitrage, emergency backup power, and grid peak and frequency regulation. Furthermore, they constitute an essential and core component of the energy storage segment within the renewable energy power system.